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8(d). Back - Swung in a circle at right angle to the track.
8(h). Any object waved violently by any person on or near the track must be respected as a signal to stop.
8(i). Signals 8(a), 8(c) and 8(d) must be used for the propose described. Other hand signals may be used providing they are understood by all personnel of the crew.
8(j). Radio communication may be used instead of hand signals to convey information.
ENGINE WHISTLE SIGNALS
15. The whistle must be sounded where required by rule or law.
When two or more engines are coupled together, the leading engine only will sound the whistle signals.
The intensity and duration of the sounding of whistle signals shall be regulated taking into consideration the distance and urgency for which the signal is to be conveyed.
The whistle signals prescribed are illustrated by "o" for short sounds; "-" for longer sounds.
(a) o Apply brakes or wheel chocks.
(b) - - Release brakes and remove wheel chocks.
(c) - o o o Protect rear of train.
(d) - - - - Flagman may return from west or south.
(e) - - - - - Flagman may return from east or north.
(f) o o o - Protect front of train.
(g) o o Answer to 15(k) or any signal not otherwise provided for.
(h) o o o When standing, back; Answer to 8(d) and 16(c). When running answer to 16(d).
(j) o o o o Call for signals.
(k) - o o To call attention of engine and train crews to signals displayed for a following section. If not answered by a train, the train displaying signals must stop and notify them.
(l) - - o - Approaching public crossings at grade. Signal must begin not less than 4 seconds before reaching crossing. To be prolonged or repeated until crossing is occupied by engine or cars. When whistle sign is displayed, signal must begin before reaching sign. This signal must also be used frequently to warn track crews, and when approaching tunnels.
(m) "Extra long sound" Approaching railway crossings at grade. Signal must not be sounded until it has been ascertained that it is safe to proceed over the crossing. See Rule 98. Crossing must not be occupied unless signal has been sounded for not less than 3 seconds. To be prolonged until crossing is occupied by engine or cars if required to call attention of other engines or trains.
(n) - - o Approaching meeting, waiting or passing points. Answer to 16(l). See Rule 90(A).
COMMUNICATING SIGNALS
16. The conductor of a train carrying passengers must have a communicating whistle used to signal the engineer.
The signals prescribed are illustrated by "o" for short sounds; "-" for longer sounds.
(a) o o When standing, start.
(b) "Extra long sound" When running, stop at once.
(c) o o o When standing, back.
(d) o o o When running, stop at next passenger station.
(l) o - When running, approaching meeting, waiting or passing points. See Rule 90(A).
HEADLIGHTS
17. The headlight must be displayed to the front of trains by night and at any time the view is obscured by storm or fog and while passing through tunnels and snowsheds. It must be extinguished or concealed when a train has stopped clear of the track to be used by an opposing train, or is standing to meet a train at the end of double or three or more tracks or a junction, and the switches are properly lined.
When the headlight of a train waiting to meet another is displayed, it is an indication that the track is obstructed or the switches are not properly lined.
When an engine is running backward, a white light must be displayed by night on the rear of the tender.
If the head light fails, a white light must immediately be used in its place.
18. Yard engines must display the headlight to the front and rear by night. Yard engines will not display markers.
MARKERS AND REAR END LIGHTS
19. A marker or markers must be displayed at the rear of every train and may consist of the following signals: by day, marker lamps (not lighted), red flags, or red lights to the rear; by night, red lights to the rear.
CLASSIFICATION SIGNALS
20. All sections except the last must display two green flags and, in addition, two green lights by night, in the places provided for that purpose on the front of the engine. See Rules 15(g) and 15(k).
21. Extra trains must display two white flags and, in addition, two white lights by night, in the places provided for that purpose on the front of the engine.
22. When two or more engines are coupled together, each engine must display the signals as prescribed by Rules 20 and 21.
23. One flag or light displayed where in Rules 20 and 21 two are prescribed will indicate the same as two; but the proper display of all train signals is required.
24. When cars are pushed by an engine, except when shifting or making up trains in yards, a white light must be displayed on the front of the leading car by night.